The attack targeted the electronic identification cards distribution center in Police District 3 of provincial capital, Jalalabad, around 1:30p.m. Gunmen entered the facility following the explosion.
Security forces arrived at the site of the attack to rescue employees and to counter the attack, said Ataullah Khogyani, a spokesman for provincial governor.
At least 10 wounded people were transferred to hospitals following the attack.
There was no immediate claim of responsibility for the attack.
It comes a day after two Taliban suicide bombings killed dozens in capital Kabul and central Parwan province.